and edgers. In this study, the indoor air quality in three ice rinks with different volumes and resurfacer power sources (propane and
gasoline) was monitored during usual operating hours. The measurements included continuous recording of carbon monoxide (CO),
carbon dioxide (CO2), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 mm (PM2.5),
particulate matter with diameter less than 10 mm (PM10), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and
sulfur dioxide (SO2). The average CO, CO2, and TVOC concentrations ranged from 3190 to 6749 mg/m3, 851 to 1329 ppm, and 550
to 765 mg/m3, respectively. The average NO and NO2 concentrations ranged from 69 to 1006 mg/m3 and 58 to 242 mg/m3,
respectively. The highest CO and TVOC levels were observed in the ice rink which a gasoline-fueled resurfacer was used. The
highest NO and NO2 levels were recorded in the ice rink with propane-fueled ice resurfacers. The air quality parameters of PM2.5,
PM10, and SO2 were fully acceptable in these ice rinks accordingto HKIAQO standards. Overall, ice resurfacers with combustion
engines cause indoor air pollution in ice rinks in Hong Kong. This conclusion is similar to those of previous studies in Europe and
North America.
